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Public release date: 19-Feb-2012[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Kevin Krajick
kkrajick@ei.columbia.edu
212-854-9729
The Earth Institute at Columbia University
Global climate, agriculture, pollution
Scientists at Columbia University's Earth Institute will present important new work on global climate, air pollution, agriculture and other issues at the Feb. 16-20 meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, in Vancouver, B.C. Click hyperlinks for scientist contacts and other information. Background materials will be posted just before the meeting at the AAAS Meeting Online Newsroom. More info: Earth Institute science editor Kevin Krajick, kkrajick@ei.columbia.edu 917-361-7766. All talks will be at the Vancouver Convention Center West Building. ALL TALKS ARE EMBARGOED UNTIL TIME OF PRESENTATION, or RELATED PRESS BRIEFINGS.
Global Climate Modeling for the Masses
Climate modeler Mark Chandler discusses and demonstrates the Educational Global Climate Modeling Project an integrated suite of software that allows university students and teachers to run climate simulations and experiments on desktop computers, without the need for programmers and supercomputers used by major climate centers. EdGCM is a fully functional version of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) Global Climate Model II, and has been used in original research projects. It is now available mainly at the undergraduate level, but there is now a push to expand into K-12 settings. Chandler is affiliated with both GISS and Columbia's Center for Climate Systems Research.
Understanding Global Climate Using Dynamic Visualizations
Friday, Feb. 17, 8:30am Room 119-120
East Africa's Drying and Worldwide Weather
It is a mystery why East Africa changed 2 million years ago from a moist region into the arid savannah grasslands of today. This is a vital question, as the switch may have been a turning point in human evolution, and related processes could shape future climate. Paleoclimatologist Peter deMenocal (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory) says there is now evidence from deep-sea sediment cores that changes in relative sea-surface temperatures across wide areas of the world essentially created the wind and rain patterns of today, driving the switch. Should sea-surface temperatures shift again substantially in the future, this could drastically rearrange the weather patterns of the modern world.
Climate Change and Human Evolution
Friday, Feb. 17, 1:30pm Ballroom A
Does Intensive Farming Really Save Land?
It is an article of faith that the spread of modern high-yield farming will reduce pressure on remaining tropical forests, because more produce will grow on less land; but does it really work that way? An interdisciplinary research group headed by Ruth deFries (Center for Environmental Research and Conservation) says it is not that simple. Using remote sensing and on-the-ground legwork, they have found that in southern Brazil, large-scale soy farms are expanding mainly into already deforested land. But in the Peruvian Amazon, high-yield oil palm plantations are expanding primarily into remaining forests. Market forces and government policies may have as much to do with it as agriculture itself, says DeFries. (In related research, team members are also studying massive burning in the Amazon associated with clearing and maintaining farmland.)
Supporting a Decent Standard of Living Within Planetary Boundaries
Saturday, Feb. 18, 8:30am Room 220
Climate and Rising Food Prices
Rising temperatures in coming decades may push yields of major U.S. crops off a cliff, with drastic effects for food prices, says Columbia University economist Wolfram Schlenker. Warmth may improve yields of some crops for a while, but U.S. corn and soybeanstwo-fifths of the world supplywill reach a tipping point, and could plummet 30% to 80% because of excessive heat, depending on how high temperatures go. The projections rest on earlier county-by-county studies of U.S. agriculture. A new working paper takes the climate/crop projections the next step, and estimates the consequences for world food prices, which could go up 30%. The damage could be at least partly mitigated if we stop using so many calories for biofuels, says Schlenker.
Emerging Risks in the Global Food System
PRESS BRIEFING: Saturday, Feb. 18, 11am, Room 223-224
LIVE WEBCAST OF BRIEFING: http://www.eurekalert.org/aaasnewsroom/
TALK: Saturday, Feb. 18, 3pm Room 211
How to Stop Warming the Earth: Beyond CO2
Carbon dioxide is the main driver of manmade global warming, but not the only; methane and other gases are also at work; cutting them and other non-CO2 pollutants could help slow warming quickly and save lives due to improved air quality, says recent Earth Institute research. Atmospheric scientist Arlene Fiore of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory focuses here on methane, a precursor to ozone (a main component of urban smog) 25 times more potent than CO2. Fiore will dissect how long methane can persist in the air, depending on varying temperature (for instance, higher temperatures may drive more methane from swamps and other natural sources), humidity and presence of other pollutants; how that translates to ozone pollution; and the implications for air quality and climate across the United States in coming years. Non-Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols
Sunday, Feb. 19, 9am Room 211
Scientific, Economic and Moral Issues of Climate Change
James Hansen, director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, has become one of the scientific world's most outspoken advocates for curbing CO2 emissions. He advocates rolling back the atmospheric CO2 concentration roughly to the largely pre-modern level of 350 parts per million. (It is now up to about 392 ppm.) Hansen will review the reasoning behind targeting 350, and discuss an energy roadmap for getting there.
Climate Solutions: Challenges of Getting to 350
Sunday, Feb. 19, 8:30am Room 214
(Hansen will also be a discussant at Toward Stabilization Net of CO2 Levels,
Friday, Feb. 17, 1:30-4:30pm)
###
The Earth Institute, Columbia University, mobilizes the sciences, education and public policy to achieve a sustainable earth. The following Earth Institute centers are represented above.
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory is one of the world's leading research centers seeking fundamental knowledge about the origin, evolution and future of the natural world. More than 300 research scientists study the planet from its deepest interior to the outer reaches of its atmosphere, on every continent and in every ocean. http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu
NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies, a lab of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration affiliated with The Earth Institute, is a climate research center that models and monitors earth systems, using state-of-the-art equipment to predict atmospheric and climate changes in the 21st century. http://www.giss.nasa.gov
The Center for Climate Systems Research was established for the purpose of enhancing interdisciplinary earth and climate-systems research both at Columbia and the NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies. http://ccsr.columbia.edu/
The Center for Environmental Research and Conservation focuses on biodiversity and its role in sustainable development. A consortium of Columbia University, American Museum of Natural History, New York Botanical Garden, Wildlife Conservation Society and EcoHealth Alliance, CERC conducts research and promotes education in more than 60 countries. http://www.cerc.columbia.edu.
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Public release date: 19-Feb-2012[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Kevin Krajick
kkrajick@ei.columbia.edu
212-854-9729
The Earth Institute at Columbia University
Global climate, agriculture, pollution
Scientists at Columbia University's Earth Institute will present important new work on global climate, air pollution, agriculture and other issues at the Feb. 16-20 meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, in Vancouver, B.C. Click hyperlinks for scientist contacts and other information. Background materials will be posted just before the meeting at the AAAS Meeting Online Newsroom. More info: Earth Institute science editor Kevin Krajick, kkrajick@ei.columbia.edu 917-361-7766. All talks will be at the Vancouver Convention Center West Building. ALL TALKS ARE EMBARGOED UNTIL TIME OF PRESENTATION, or RELATED PRESS BRIEFINGS.
Global Climate Modeling for the Masses
Climate modeler Mark Chandler discusses and demonstrates the Educational Global Climate Modeling Project an integrated suite of software that allows university students and teachers to run climate simulations and experiments on desktop computers, without the need for programmers and supercomputers used by major climate centers. EdGCM is a fully functional version of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) Global Climate Model II, and has been used in original research projects. It is now available mainly at the undergraduate level, but there is now a push to expand into K-12 settings. Chandler is affiliated with both GISS and Columbia's Center for Climate Systems Research.
Understanding Global Climate Using Dynamic Visualizations
Friday, Feb. 17, 8:30am Room 119-120
East Africa's Drying and Worldwide Weather
It is a mystery why East Africa changed 2 million years ago from a moist region into the arid savannah grasslands of today. This is a vital question, as the switch may have been a turning point in human evolution, and related processes could shape future climate. Paleoclimatologist Peter deMenocal (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory) says there is now evidence from deep-sea sediment cores that changes in relative sea-surface temperatures across wide areas of the world essentially created the wind and rain patterns of today, driving the switch. Should sea-surface temperatures shift again substantially in the future, this could drastically rearrange the weather patterns of the modern world.
Climate Change and Human Evolution
Friday, Feb. 17, 1:30pm Ballroom A
Does Intensive Farming Really Save Land?
It is an article of faith that the spread of modern high-yield farming will reduce pressure on remaining tropical forests, because more produce will grow on less land; but does it really work that way? An interdisciplinary research group headed by Ruth deFries (Center for Environmental Research and Conservation) says it is not that simple. Using remote sensing and on-the-ground legwork, they have found that in southern Brazil, large-scale soy farms are expanding mainly into already deforested land. But in the Peruvian Amazon, high-yield oil palm plantations are expanding primarily into remaining forests. Market forces and government policies may have as much to do with it as agriculture itself, says DeFries. (In related research, team members are also studying massive burning in the Amazon associated with clearing and maintaining farmland.)
Supporting a Decent Standard of Living Within Planetary Boundaries
Saturday, Feb. 18, 8:30am Room 220
Climate and Rising Food Prices
Rising temperatures in coming decades may push yields of major U.S. crops off a cliff, with drastic effects for food prices, says Columbia University economist Wolfram Schlenker. Warmth may improve yields of some crops for a while, but U.S. corn and soybeanstwo-fifths of the world supplywill reach a tipping point, and could plummet 30% to 80% because of excessive heat, depending on how high temperatures go. The projections rest on earlier county-by-county studies of U.S. agriculture. A new working paper takes the climate/crop projections the next step, and estimates the consequences for world food prices, which could go up 30%. The damage could be at least partly mitigated if we stop using so many calories for biofuels, says Schlenker.
Emerging Risks in the Global Food System
PRESS BRIEFING: Saturday, Feb. 18, 11am, Room 223-224
LIVE WEBCAST OF BRIEFING: http://www.eurekalert.org/aaasnewsroom/
TALK: Saturday, Feb. 18, 3pm Room 211
How to Stop Warming the Earth: Beyond CO2
Carbon dioxide is the main driver of manmade global warming, but not the only; methane and other gases are also at work; cutting them and other non-CO2 pollutants could help slow warming quickly and save lives due to improved air quality, says recent Earth Institute research. Atmospheric scientist Arlene Fiore of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory focuses here on methane, a precursor to ozone (a main component of urban smog) 25 times more potent than CO2. Fiore will dissect how long methane can persist in the air, depending on varying temperature (for instance, higher temperatures may drive more methane from swamps and other natural sources), humidity and presence of other pollutants; how that translates to ozone pollution; and the implications for air quality and climate across the United States in coming years. Non-Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols
Sunday, Feb. 19, 9am Room 211
Scientific, Economic and Moral Issues of Climate Change
James Hansen, director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, has become one of the scientific world's most outspoken advocates for curbing CO2 emissions. He advocates rolling back the atmospheric CO2 concentration roughly to the largely pre-modern level of 350 parts per million. (It is now up to about 392 ppm.) Hansen will review the reasoning behind targeting 350, and discuss an energy roadmap for getting there.
Climate Solutions: Challenges of Getting to 350
Sunday, Feb. 19, 8:30am Room 214
(Hansen will also be a discussant at Toward Stabilization Net of CO2 Levels,
Friday, Feb. 17, 1:30-4:30pm)
###
The Earth Institute, Columbia University, mobilizes the sciences, education and public policy to achieve a sustainable earth. The following Earth Institute centers are represented above.
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory is one of the world's leading research centers seeking fundamental knowledge about the origin, evolution and future of the natural world. More than 300 research scientists study the planet from its deepest interior to the outer reaches of its atmosphere, on every continent and in every ocean. http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu
NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies, a lab of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration affiliated with The Earth Institute, is a climate research center that models and monitors earth systems, using state-of-the-art equipment to predict atmospheric and climate changes in the 21st century. http://www.giss.nasa.gov
The Center for Climate Systems Research was established for the purpose of enhancing interdisciplinary earth and climate-systems research both at Columbia and the NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies. http://ccsr.columbia.edu/
The Center for Environmental Research and Conservation focuses on biodiversity and its role in sustainable development. A consortium of Columbia University, American Museum of Natural History, New York Botanical Garden, Wildlife Conservation Society and EcoHealth Alliance, CERC conducts research and promotes education in more than 60 countries. http://www.cerc.columbia.edu.
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/teia-a2t020912.php
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